How to install CumulusClips on Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS

[LHammonds]

------------- WORK-IN-PROGRESS -------------
ON HOLD - MIGHT BE PHP8 COMPATIBILITY ISSUES

Greetings and salutations,

I hope this thread will be helpful to those who follow in my foot steps as well as getting any advice based on what I have done / documented.

To discuss this thread, please participate here: Ubuntu Forums

High-level overview

This thread will cover installation of a dedicated Ubuntu web server. CumulusClips is a video sharing script that allows you to start your own YouTube-like video website where users can upload, rate and comment on videos. The server will be installed inside a virtual machine in vSphere running on ESXi servers. Notes will also be supplied for doing the same thing for VirtualBox on a Windows 10 PC. Although there are some VMware-specific and VirtualBox-specific steps, they are very few and the majority of this documentation will work for other Virtual Machines or even directly installed onto a physical machine (e.g. bare-metal install). If you have any advice on doing things better, please let me know by replying on the Ubuntu forums link above.

Tools utilized in this process

• Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS, 64-bit
• Apache 2.4.52
• PHP 8.1.2
• MariaDB 10.6 (or MySQL)
• CumulusClips 2.5.3
• Portable PuTTY 0.77
• VMware vSphere 6.0.0
• VirtualBox 6.1.36

Helpful links

The list below are sources of information that was helpful in the creation of this document.

• Ubuntu Documentation
• CumulusClips Documentation

Assumptions

This documentation will need to make use of some very-specific information that will most-likely be different for each person / location. And as such, this information will be noted in this section. They will be highlighted in red throughout the document as a reminder that you should plug-in your own value rather than actually using these "place-holder" values.

Under no circumstance should you use the actual values listed below. They are place-holders for the real thing. This is just a checklist template you need to have answered before you start the install process.

Wherever you see RED in this document, you need to substitute it for you will use in your environment.

• Ubuntu Server name: srv-video
• Internet domain: mydomain.com
• Ubuntu Server IP address: 192.168.107.66
• Ubuntu Admin ID: administrator
• Ubuntu Admin Password: myadminpass
• Email Server (remote): 192.168.107.25
• Database root Password: mydbrootpass
• Database user: u_cumulus
• Database user password: cumulususerpass
• Server RAM: 4 GB (I would set it to 2x the size of the largest file you are going to upload)

It is also assumed the reader knows how to use the VI editor. If not, you will need to beef up your skill set or use a different editor in place of it.

[LHammonds]

Installation of Database Server

This documentation will assume you have installed a separate and dedicated database server according to this article: How To Install MariaDB

Installation of Ubuntu Server

This documentation will assume you have installed Ubuntu Server according to this article: How to install and configure Ubuntu Server

It is assumed that the server was configured according to that article with the exceptions that the assumptions in red (variables above) are used instead of the assumptions in that document since we are building a web server.

Be sure to add a host entry that points to your database server in /etc/hosts. Example:

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192.168.107.20	srv-database

[LHammonds]

Configure MariaDB / MySQL

In this scenario, a dedicated and general-purpose database server already exists and it will be used to hold the application's database.

1. Connect to the database server using PuTTY.
2. Type the following commands:
   mysql -u root -p Enter password: rootpass
   CREATE DATABASE cumulusclips CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin; CREATE USER 'u_cumulus'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'cumulususerpass'; GRANT ALL ON cumulusclips.* TO 'u_cumulus'@'%'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; exit
   The above commands will allow the database account to connect from any machine from anywhere in the world. This might be OK if your database is not accessible outside your local network or if your machine name changes or you have multiple servers that connect to the same database that use the same ID. You can make this more secure by specifying your application server when granting access. Make sure the database server will recognize the server name (via hosts file or DNS) or just use the IP address:
   
   CREATE USER 'u_cumulus'@'srv-video' IDENTIFIED BY 'cumulususerpass'; GRANT ALL ON cumulusclips.* TO 'u_cumulus'@'srv-video';
   or
   CREATE USER 'u_cumulus'@'192.168.107.66' IDENTIFIED BY 'cumulususerpass'; GRANT ALL ON cumulusclips.* TO 'u_cumulus'@'192.168.107.66';
   This will prevent anyone knowing the credentials from logging into the database from any other remote machine not specified in the grant command.
   
   If your application is running on the database server (typical on a developer machine / non-production scenario), create the user like this:
   CREATE USER 'u_cumulus'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'cumulususerpass'; GRANT ALL ON cumulusclips.* TO 'u_cumulus'@'localhost';
   This will prevent anyone knowing the credentials from logging into the database from any other remote machine.
   
   If you mess anything up, you can remove the database and user by issuing these commands:
   DROP USER u_cumulus; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; DROP DATABASE cumulusclips;

If you would rather permissions be assigned to roles and then have roles assigned to user accounts, you can use commands similar to these:

CREATE USER 'u_cumulus'@'192.168.107.66' IDENTIFIED BY 'cumulususerpass'; CREATE ROLE r_cumulus; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cumulusclips.* TO r_cumulus; GRANT r_cumulus TO 'u_cumulus'@'192.168.107.66'; SET DEFAULT ROLE r_cumulus FOR 'u_cumulus'@'192.168.107.66';

More info on roles can be found here.

[LHammonds]

CumulusClips Requirements

Source: http://cumulusclips.org/docs/requirements/

• 1 GB RAM
• Linux (Kernel 2.6.32+)
• PHP 5.3+
• MySQL 5.0+
• Apache web server 2.x (with mod_rewrite enabled)
• PHP Modules: POSIX, GD, curl, simplexml, zip, PHP-MySQL and PDO MySQL
• PHP Settings: short_open_tag = On, upload_max_filesize = 110M, post_max_size = 110M, max_execution_time = 1500, safe_mode = Off, register_globals = Off

Domain Name Resolution

Your PC needs to be able to resolve the FQDN (Fully-Qualified Domain Name) to the server's IP address from this point forward.

If you are setting up this site before DNS (Domain Naming Service) can resolve the FQDN to the server's IP address, you can temporarily get around this by adding your domain to your local host on Windows or Linux. This will allow just your PC to match the FQDN to the server's IP address. Once DNS is managing this relationship, the local host entry is no longer needed.

Windows Example: C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

192.168.107.66 video.mydomain.com

Linux Example: /etc/hosts

192.168.107.66 video.mydomain.com

[LHammonds]

Install Apache

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sudo apt install apache2

Install PHP for Apache with MySQL/MariaDB support

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sudo apt install php8.1 libapache2-mod-php8.1 php8.1-mysql

Firewall Rules

Edit the firewall script that was created during the initial setup of the server (if you followed my instructions):

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sudo vi /var/scripts/prod/en-firewall.sh

Add (or enable) the following:

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echo "Adding Web Server rules"
ufw allow proto tcp to any port 80 comment 'HTTP Service' 1>/dev/null 2>&1
ufw allow proto tcp to any port 443 comment 'HTTPS Service' 1>/dev/null 2>&1

Run the updated rules:

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sudo /var/scripts/prod/en-firewall.sh

Open a web browser and go to http://192.168.107.66 and you should see a web page that says "It works!"

Create the website root folder

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sudo mkdir -p /var/www/video.mydomain.com
sudo chown www-data:root /var/www/video.mydomain.com

Create Apache Config for CumulusClips

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sudo touch /etc/apache2/sites-available/video.mydomain.com.conf
sudo chown root:root /etc/apache2/sites-available/video.mydomain.com.conf
sudo chmod 0644 /etc/apache2/sites-available/video.mydomain.com.conf
sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/video.mydomain.com.conf

<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost ServerName video.mydomain.com DocumentRoot /var/www/video.mydomain.com <Directory /var/www/video.mydomain.com/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride All Require all granted </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/video.mydomain.com-error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/video.mydomain.com-access.log combined </VirtualHost>

Enable the site configuration:

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sudo a2ensite video.mydomain.com

If you need to disable the site in the future:

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sudo a2dissite video.mydomain.com

Reload the Apache config so it is aware of the modified virtual host

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sudo systemctl reload apache2

Let's Encrypt SSL Certificate

Follow these instructions to enable SSL so the site can run on the HTTPS protocol.

[LHammonds]

Install CumulusClips Prerequisites

1. At the server console, type the following to install the additional modules and restart the web service:

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   sudo apt -y install php8.1-curl php8.1-xml php8.1-gd php8.1-zip php8.1-intl
   sudo systemctl reload apache2

2. To make sure the modules are loaded, we will create a phpinfo file:

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   cd /var/www/video.mydomain.com
   sudo touch phpinfo.php
   sudo chown www-data:www-data phpinfo.php
   sudo chmod 0644 phpinfo.php
   printf "<?php\nphpinfo();\n?>\n" | sudo tee phpinfo.php
   

3. Now open a web browser and go to http://video.mydomain.com/phpinfo.php and verify that all the CumulusClips required modules are present.
4. When satisfied everything is good, delete the test file:

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   sudo rm /var/www/video.mydomain.com/phpinfo.php

Configure Apache to meet requirements

Enable Mod_ReWrite

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sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo systemctl restart apache2

Configure PHP to meet requirements

Edit the PHP configuration and modify the following variables:

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sudo vi /etc/php/8.1/apache2/php.ini

Change:

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short_open_tag = Off

To:

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short_open_tag = On

Change:

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upload_max_filesize = 2M

To:

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upload_max_filesize = 2048M

Change:

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post_max_size = 8M

To:

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post_max_size = 2054M

Change:

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max_execution_time = 30

To:

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max_execution_time = 3000

Add:

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safe_mode = Off
register_globals = Off

Change:

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memory_limit = 128M

To:

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memory_limit = 512M

Restart web service for changes to take effect:

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sudo systemctl restart apache2

[LHammonds]

Install CumulusClips

1. Download CumulusClips, extract the archive and set permissions:

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   cd /tmp
   wget http://cumulusclips.org/cumulusclips.tar.gz
   tar -xzvf /tmp/cumulusclips.tar.gz
   sudo chown www-data:root --recursive /tmp/cumulusclips
   sudo find /tmp/cumulusclips/. -type d -exec chmod 755 '{}' \+
   sudo find /tmp/cumulusclips/. -type f -exec chmod 644 '{}' \+
   rm /tmp/cumulusclips.tar.gz
   sudo mv /tmp/cumulusclips/* /var/www/video.mydomain.com/.
   sudo mv /tmp/cumulusclips/.htaccess /var/www/video.mydomain.com/.
   

2. Access the installation wizard via a web browser. http://video.mydomain.com/cc-install/
3. Follow the prompts to install it.
4. Welcome - Click the "Continue" button
5. Database Setup - Set the following and "Submit Database Login" button:
   • Database host: srv-database
   • Database port: 3306
   • Database name: cumulusclips
   • Database user: u_cumulus
   • Database password: cumulususerpass
   • Table prefix:
6. Site Details - Set the following and "Submit Site Details" button:
   • Base URL: http://video.mydomain.com
   • Site Name: My Awesome Videos
   • Admin Username: administrator
   • Admin Password: administratorpass
   • Admin E-Mail: webmaster@mydomain.com
7. All done. Click "View My Site" button.

[LHammonds]

Logo Locations

• Images related to the admin panel
  "CumulusClips Admin Panel" text on top of admin panel page. (374x27)

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  cc-admin/images/admin-logo.png

  Small greyscale version of the main screen logo at the bottom of the admin panel (79x32)

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  cc-admin/images/footer-logo.png

• Images related to the default theme
  CumulusClips cloud-like logo displayed on main screen. (264x107)

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  cc-content/themes/default/images/logo.png

  Small greyscale version of the main screen logo. (144x58)

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  cc-content/themes/default/images/logo_footer.png

• Images related to the mobile theme
  "CumulusClips Mobile" text for mobile theme. (198x19)

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  cc-content/themes/mobile-default/images/logo.png

• Images related to the corporate theme
  Medium greyscale version of the main screen logo (139x50)

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  cc-content/themes/corporate/images/logo.png

Main screen slide show removal

In version 2.5.3, there is an example slideshow on the main page that you cannot remove via settings. This has to be done by modifying the code.

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sudo vi /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/themes/default/index.phtml

Find and remove the following on lines 13 thru 78:

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<!-- BEGIN SLIDESHOW -->
<div id="slideshow">

    <!--
    Slides 1-3 are for demonstration purposes only. They are merely for
    displaying your ability to add custom slides. You may remove them as you
    wish.
    -->

    <!-- BEGIN SLIDE 1 -->
    <div>
        <img width="600" height="287" src="<?=$this->options->themeUrl?>/images/slide1.jpg" />
        <div class="slide-text">
            <div>
                <p>CumulusClips - Free Video CMS. Start your own video sharing website with CumulusClips video sharing script. You can build a YouTube clone where users can upload videos, rate videos, comment on videos, and much more.</p>
                <a class="button" href="http://cumulusclips.org/">Learn More</a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- END SLIDE 1 -->

    <!-- BEGIN SLIDE 2 -->
    <div>
        <img width="600" height="287" src="<?=$this->options->themeUrl?>/images/slide2.jpg" />
        <div class="slide-text">
            <div>
                <p>CumulusClips Documentation - Guides on managing, modifying, and general information regarding the CumulusClips Video CMS.</p>
                <a class="button" href="http://cumulusclips.org/docs/">Documentation</a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- END SLIDE 2 -->
    <!-- BEGIN SLIDE 3 -->
    <div>
        <img width="600" height="287" src="<?=$this->options->themeUrl?>/images/slide3.jpg" />
        <div class="slide-text">
            <div>
                <p>CumulusClips Support Forums - Ask questions, share ideas and solutions, and get connected with the CumulusClips community.</p>
                <a class="button" href="http://cumulusclips.org/forums/">Visit Forums</a>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- END SLIDE 3 -->
    <!-- BEGIN FEATURED VIDEO SLIDES -->
    <?php foreach ($featured_videos as $featuredVideo): ?>
        <div>
            <img width="600" height="287" src="<?=$config->thumbUrl?>/<?=$featuredVideo->filename?>.jpg" />
            <div class="slide-text">
                <div>
                    <p class="large"><u><?=Language::getText('featured')?>:</u> <?=$featuredVideo->title?></p>
                    <p><?=Functions::cutOff($featuredVideo->description, 80)?></p>
                    <a class="button" href="<?=$this->getService('Video')->getUrl($featuredVideo)?>/">Watch Now</a>

                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    <?php endforeach; ?>
    <!-- END FEATURED VIDEO SLIDES -->
</div>
<!-- END SLIDESHOW -->

<!-- SLIDESHOW SLIDE LINKS -->
<div id="slideshow_nav"></div>

Custom Title / Description

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sudo vi /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/languages/en_US.xml

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<meta.index.title>TEXT HERE</meta.index.title>
<meta.index.keywords>TEXT HERE</meta.index.keywords>
<meta.index.description>TEXT HERE</meta.index.description>

Custom Footer

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sudo vi /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/themes/THEME-NAME/blocks/footer.phtml

Custom Welcome Page

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sudo vi /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/themes/THEME-NAME/index.phtml

Install More Themes

1. Download and extract the Theme Add-ons and set the correct permissions:

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   mkdir /tmp/themes
   cd /tmp/themes
   wget http://cumulusclips.org/resources/slate.zip
   wget http://cumulusclips.org/resources/newsroom.zip
   wget http://cumulusclips.org/resources/corporate.zip
   wget http://cumulusclips.org/resources/barren.zip
   unzip slate.zip
   unzip newsroom.zip
   unzip corporate.zip
   unzip barren.zip
   rm *.zip
   cd /tmp
   sudo chown --recursive www-data:www-data /tmp/themes
   sudo mv /tmp/themes/* /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/themes/.
   sudo rmdir /tmp/themes
   

2. Login to the site, go into Admin Panel, Appearance, Themes. Click the "Activate" link on the desired theme.

[LHammonds]

Email Overview

CumulusClips utilizes PHP's built-in "mail" function which means we need to configure php.ini to use a mail client that will send email.

It seems like an industry standard to use "sendmail" based on all the tutorials out there but sendmail is a mail server itself which can receive mail which is overkill for our purposes. We only want to send outbound to an actual mail server...not turn this web server into a mail server.

For this reason, we will install a lightweight mail client called ssmtp that will allow sending outbound-only mail messages.

We will then modify PHP to utilize this mail client and then finally modify CumulusClips (or any other web app from this point forward) to send mail.

Mail Server Information
There are many scenarios surrounding how one might have a mail service.

For this tutorial, let's assume you have a mail server that you configured to act as a relay server for this specific server...which means you can send email to that server to be delivered locally or routed to another mail server if the destination is not local. Let's assume this relay server will not require login credentials but does require the FROM address to be specific. Let's also assume it does not require encryption.

Here is this examples relay server information:

Mail Relay Server Address: 192.168.107.25
Mail Relay Server Port: 25
Use TLS? No
Required From Address: webmaster@mydomain.com

Install and Configure SSMTP

Install the mail client:

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sudo apt -y install ssmtp

Backup the original configuration files:

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sudo cp /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.bak
sudo cp /etc/ssmtp/revaliases /etc/ssmtp/revaliases.bak

Edit the main configuration file:

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sudo vi /etc/ssmtp/ssmtp.conf

Set the following:

root= mailhub=192.168.107.25:25 hostname=localhost

Edit the reverse alias file:

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sudo vi /etc/ssmtp/revaliases

Add the alias for "root" to be that of your desired "FROM" address.

root:webmaster@mydomain.com

Modify PHP.ini for Apache

Edit the Apache PHP.ini

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sudo vi /etc/php/8.1/apache2/php.ini

Set the sendmail_path variable to point to the default sendmail path (which is a link to ssmtp)

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sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t

Or set the sendmail_path variable to point to ssmtp directly:

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sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/ssmtp -t

Modify PHP.ini for Command-Line

While we are making the mail command work for PHP inside Apache, we might as well do the same for the command-line interface.

Make the same changes above to this file as well.

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sudo vi /etc/php/8.1/cli/php.ini

CumulusClips Email Settings

If you go into the Admin Panel -> Settings -> Email, you will see options for specifying the FROM address and SMTP authentication.

Add the webmaster@mydomain.com and leave the SMTP authentication disabled. Save the settings and the next time you create a member, it will email them a message that looks like this:

Code: Select all

From: Webmaster
Sent: Tuesday, Aug 30, 2022 12:44 PM
To: LHammonds
Subject: New Member Registered
 
A new member has registered.

=======================================================
Username: LHammonds
Profile URL: http://video.mydomain.com/members/LHammonds/
=======================================================

Send Test Email

Create a temporary PHP page to send an email message.

Code: Select all

sudo touch /var/www/video.mydomain.com/mail.php
sudo chown www-data:root /var/www/video.mydomain.com/mail.php
sudo chmod 644 /var/www/video.mydomain.com/mail.php
sudo vi /var/www/video.mydomain.com/mail.php

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<?php
$to = "lhammonds@mydomain.com";
$subject = "My Test Subject";
$body = "Testing 1-2-3";
mail($to,$subject,$body);
?>

Test from the command-line:

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php /var/www/video.mydomain.com/mail.php

Now test from a browser:

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http://video.mydomain.com/mail.php

If you have any issues, check /var/log/syslog for messages related to sSMTP

Remove the temporary PHP page:

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sudo rm /var/www/video.mydomain.com/mail.php

[LHammonds]

Here are the default video compression/conversion settings when uploading a video:

H.264 Settings:

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-vcodec libx264 -vf "scale=min(640\,iw):trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -vb 800k -acodec aac -ab 96k -ar 44100 -f mp4

WebM Settings:

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-vcodec libvpx -vf "scale=min(640\,iw):trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -vb 800k -acodec libvorbis -ab 96k -ar 44100 -f webm

Theora Settings:

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-vcodec libtheora -vf "scale=min(640\,iw):trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -qscale 8 -vb 800k -acodec libvorbis -ab 96k -ar 44100 -f ogg

Mobile Settings:

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-vcodec libx264 -vf "scale=min(480\,iw):trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -vb 600k -ac 2 -ab 96k -ar 44100 -f mp4

Thumbnail Settings:

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-vf "scale=min(640\,iw):trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -t 1 -r 1 -f mjpeg

You might want to adjust some of these settings based on the majority of the content you are uploading.

For example, if most of your videos uploaded are 1920x1280, you might want to change the H.264 to this setting:

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-vcodec libx264 -vf "scale=min(1920\,iw):trunc(ow/a/2)*2" -vb 800k -acodec aac -ab 96k -ar 44100 -f mp4

[LHammonds]

Orphaned Files

Failures happen for various reasons and sometimes the files under "uploads" are no longer attached to an upload entry...and thus cannot be deleted from the web interface.

There are a few ways to find such files.

On the database server you can run the following SQL command to identify the filenames of any failed files:

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SELECT video_id,filename,status FROM videos WHERE status = "failed" ORDER BY video_id ASC;

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+----------+----------------------+----------+
| video_id | filename             | status   |
+----------+----------------------+----------+
|        3 | xM3eQHws8otJsePN3fPo | failed   |
|        4 | GJUBSdCfIiqUe7mhEa4F | failed   |
|        5 | nFk7r1yrBZF8Hp9F5lQ1 | failed   |
+----------+----------------------+----------+

On the web server, you can run these commands to find the related files. Notice the wildcard character (asterisk) added at the end of the name:

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find /var -name "xM3eQHws8otJsePN3fPo*" | xargs du -sh

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2.9M    /var/www/video.hl.com/cc-core/logs/KMrO2si2dBPGu4dwIFwq.log
83M     /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/uploads/mobile/KMrO2si2dBPGu4dwIFwq.mp4
337M    /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/uploads/theora/KMrO2si2dBPGu4dwIFwq.ogg
784M    /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/uploads/temp/KMrO2si2dBPGu4dwIFwq.mp4
24K     /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/uploads/thumbs/KMrO2si2dBPGu4dwIFwq.jpg
122M    /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/uploads/webm/KMrO2si2dBPGu4dwIFwq.webm
250M    /var/www/video.mydomain.com/cc-content/uploads/h264/KMrO2si2dBPGu4dwIFwq.mp4

In the above example, it found the associated log file which you can read to see why it failed.

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vi /var/www/video.hl.com/cc-core/logs/KMrO2si2dBPGu4dwIFwq.log

The file in the "temp" folder is usually the largest file which is the original upload. The other files are those that were converted from the original.

If I have resolved the problem located in the log and want to purge this particular entry completely, I can do the following:

On web server, delete related files:

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find /var -name "xM3eQHws8otJsePN3fPo*" -delete

On the database server, delete the record:

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DELETE FROM videos WHERE filename = "xM3eQHws8otJsePN3fPo"

Reset Password in Database

If you forget your password and the "forgot password" option on the web interface is not working for you, you can always reset a password via the database.

1. Login to your MariaDB / MySQL console and select your database:

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   USE Cumulusclips;

2. Search the list of database users to find the right one:

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   SELECT user_id, username, password FROM users WHERE username LIKE '%admin%';
   
   +---------+---------------+----------------------------------+
   | user_id | username      | password                         |
   +---------+---------------+----------------------------------+
   |       1 | DementiaAdmin | 123adc7890abc4cfc56bfe12345ab321 |
   |      26 | WannabeAdmin  | 321xyz0987abc4cfc56bfe12345ab321 |
   +---------+---------------+----------------------------------+

3. Notice the password has an MD5 hash applied and note the user ID...in this case is "1" which identifies a single record. Use that in the next query to set the password.

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   UPDATE users SET password = MD5('MyNewPassword') WHERE user_id = 1;